Immobilizer and Transponder

8 -	Immobilizer and Transponder

The Immobilizer allows the vehicle to be started only if the rider uses the special ignition key which sends the identification code to a decoder fitted into the instrument panel. The emitting - receiving system is made of a TRANSPONDER fitted into the ignition key heads and an antenna close to the ignition lock.

Transponder keys

Immobilizer has different keys: a red key and two black keys.

One red key:

-	the secret master code for programming the immobilizer system and allowing engine start is stored into this key;

-	this key is used for programming, deleting and reprogramming BLACK keys;

-	the key head -including the electronic circuit transmitting stored secret code- can be removed and fitted to a different key body if motorcycle locks and ignition lock are changed;

-	it is recommended the red key be used only for programming the immobilizer system. Use the black keys to start the engine. Keep the red key in a safe place.

Two black keys:

-	they are used to start the engine.

-	the key head -including the electronic circuit transmitting stored secret code- CANNOT be removed.

Transponder is included into the key head and consists of a power supply circuit, a ROM (Read-Only Memory) and a transmission circuit. The Transponder is power supplied through the magnetic field generated by the antenna which is enabled as soon as the instrument panel is switched on. As it is very compact and needs no outer power supply through a battery, it is directly fitted into the key head.

Warning

Circuits into the key head are not shockproof.

Immobilizer antenna

The antenna consists of a plastic-coated copper coil connected to wires ending up with a connector.

The antenna (A) is fitted onto the ignition lock into its specially designed seat.

Operating principle of the immobilizer

When the ignition key is positioned to ON, the decoder into the instrument panel energises the antenna, which generates an electromagnetic field power-supplying the key transponder. The Transponder sends the code stored into its ROM, which is received by the antenna and sent to the decoder. Here the secret code is matched with a second code. If matching is successful, then the decoder sends a code to the engine control unit (CCM) via special serial line (ISO 9141/5). The engine control unit checks received code and enables engine start if code is correct.

Immobilizer warning lights and indications

Each time the key is turned from ON to OFF, engine is disabled by the immobilizer.

When the ignition key is turned from OFF to ON, the system will signal the following:

if code is acknowledged, the led (1) will turn on and then off;

if code is not acknowledged, the led (1) and the EOBD light (2) for ignition-injection failure will turn on and stay on. Engine will not start. Repeat the above procedure but using a different black key.

Caution

When programming the immobilizer as described below, use only the required key and keep the other keys away otherwise they might interfere.

Note

At least three keys (included the RED key) are necessary to program the immobilizer up to max. 8 keys (included the RED key).

Programming the immobilizer

If one or more parts of the immobilizer are replaced, such as black keys, decoder or engine control unit, system must be reprogrammed. Proceed as follows:

-	ensure that battery poles are correctly connected and the battery is in perfect operating conditions

-	take the red key and the black ones

-	insert the red key (3) in the ignition switch (4)

-	turn the key to ON so to switch on the instrument panel. The multifunction display will show the number of inserted keys (here "1") and a countdown starting from 30. Important: ensure that the ignition switch was to OFF for at least thirty seconds before performing the above

-	ensure that countdown has started and turn the key to OFF before it reaches zero (about three seconds)

-	remove the red key, insert a black key (5) and set the switch to ON within the next 15 seconds (display shows the number of keys inserted, in this instance 2, with the countdown from 30 to 0 at the side)

-	ensure that countdown has started and turn the key to OFF before it reaches zero

-	within 15 seconds: remove the black key, insert the other black key (5) and turn it to ON.

-	The multifunction display will show the number of inserted keys (here "3") and a countdown starting from 30.

-	ensure that countdown has started and turn the key to OFF before it reaches zero

-	remove the black key, insert the red key and set the switch to ON within the next 15 seconds (display shows the number of keys inserted, in this instance 4, with the countdown from 30 to 0 at the side)

-	ensure that the countdown has begun and set the key to OFF before it reaches zero. The LED (1) on the instrument panel will flash to indicate successful programming.

Now two black keys and the decoder inside the instrument panel are successfully programmed. Continue as follows:

-	turn the red key to ON within 15 seconds;

-	leave the key positioned to ON for 5 to 15 seconds (not less than 5 and not more than 15 seconds) to allow data transfer from the decoder to the engine control unit and then turn the key to OFF

-	allow 10 seconds before turning the key to ON again.

Now the programming procedure is over. Immobilizer programming is completed. The above procedure must be fully complied with even though just a part of the immobilizer system needs to be programmed. Partial programming is not allowed! When finished, ensure that the engine starts if programmed black keys are used.

Warning

If "OFF" shows on the multifunction display when programming, it means that the programming procedure has been aborted. Repeat the procedure from the start. Strictly comply with given times and indication for correct immobilizer programming.

Checking for correct immobilizer programming

Insert the red key in the ignition switch. Set it to ON. The led (1) on the instrument panel will flash (see further below for details of LED indications). And then led (1) turns off.

First flashing indication:

-	if the led flashes for two seconds, it means that the immobilizer is not programmed, maybe because the programming procedure has not been strictly followed. Repeat the programming procedure from the start.

-	if the led flashes for 0.7 seconds, it means that the immobilizer is correctly programmed

Second flashing indication:

-	a series of short flashes indicates the number of programmed keys. If programming has been successfully completed, the led must flash three times (a red key and two black keys used for programming)

Third flashing indication (possible immobilizer system faults):

-	the immobilizer is trouble-free if the led (1) is off

-	a flash indicates a communication error between the decoder in the instrument panel and engine control unit via serial line ISO 9141/5

-	two flashes indicate a failure of the inserted key, the antenna on the ignition switch or both

-	three flashes indicate that the inserted key has not been acknowledged by the system

-	four flashes indicate that the engine control unit is programmed but the decoder in the instrument panel is not programmed

If one of the above cases under "third flashing indication" occurs, the engine cannot be started.

Emergency procedure to override the immobilizer system

If the immobilizer is faulty, follow the emergency procedure below to start the engine.

1	turn the ignition key to ON, fully open the throttle twistgrip and keep it open; the EOBD light (2) that turned on, turns off after 8 seconds.

2	release the throttle twistgrip once the EOBD light has turned off

Now enter the electronic code indicated on the CODE CARD which is given to the customer on motorcycle delivery by the dealer.
the EOBD light starts flashing.
count a number of EOBD light flashes which is as the first digit of the electronic code. Completely turn the throttle twistgrip and hold it open. The EOBD light stays fixed on for four seconds: it means that the first digit of the emergency code has been acknowledged.
If the throttle twistgrip is untouched, the EOBD light will flash 20 times, then it will stay permanently on. In this case the whole procedure should be repeated from step 1.

4	Release the throttle when the EOBD light goes off.

5	Repeat operations described in steps 3 and 4 until you enter the last digit.

6	After releasing the throttle twistgrip and if the entered code is correct, the EOBD light will flash for 4 seconds to indicate that the immobilizer is now disabled. Then it turns off. It will immediately turn off if the engine is started before 4 seconds have elapsed.

7	If the code is NOT correct, the EOBD light stays on. Repeat the procedure from step 1. There is no limit, the procedure can be repeated as many times as needed.